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机械加工常识 
定 价：59.8 元 丛书名：美国经典技能系列丛书
9 7 6 8 1 7 7 1 8 1 4 1 6 读者对象:机械加工工人，职业院校和技工学校师生 
本书采用通俗易懂的语言，介绍了机械加工所需掌握的基本知识和技能。本书主要内容包括：机械加工概述，安全介绍，测量系统和机械加工数学概述，半精密测量，精密测量，质量保证、工艺规程和质量控制，金属分类和组成，热处理，维护、润滑和切削液概述，工程制图。
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序 第 1章 机械加工概述 ······························ 1 1.1 机械加工简介 ············································· 2 1.1.1 概述······················································ 2 1.1.2 机械加工的定义 ·································· 2 1.1.3 机械加工的历史 ·································· 2 1.1.4 机械加工在社会中的地位 ··················· 5 1.1.5 主要的机床 ·········································· 8 1.2 机械加工行业 ··········································· 15 1.2.1 概述···················································· 15 1.2.2 现代机械加工职业 ···························· 15 1.2.3 相关职业 ············································ 19 1.3 车间技能 ··················································· 21 1.3.1 概述···················································· 21 1.3.2 个人能力 ············································ 21 1.3.3 专业技术能力 ···································· 23 1.3.4 培训机会和方法 ································ 24 1.3.5 美国国立金属加工技术学院 ············· 25 1.3.6 如何寻找工作 ···································· 26 第 2 章 安全知识介绍 ···························· 33 2.1 概述 ··························································· 34 2.2 安全注意事项 ··········································· 34 2.3 加工环境中的着装要求 ···························· 35 2.4 个人防护设备 ··········································· 35 2.4.1 眼部防护 ············································ 36 2.4.2 听觉防护 ············································ 36 2.4.3 防毒面具 ············································ 37 2.4.4 手套···················································· 37 2.4.5 安全帽 ················································ 38 2.5 车间清洁 ··················································· 38 2.6 保护装置与物理屏障································ 39 2.7 搬运和托举 ··············································· 40 2.8 压缩气体的安全使用································ 40 2.9 挂牌 /上锁 ················································ 41 2.9.1 挂牌···················································· 41 2.9.2 上锁···················································· 42 2.10 有害物质 ················································· 42 2.11 安全数据表 ············································· 45 2.12 消防安全 ················································· 49 2.12.1 燃烧三要素 ······································ 49 2.12.2 灭火器 ·············································· 49 2.13 安全文件 ················································· 50 第 3章 测量系统和机械加工 数学概述···································· 51 3.1 概述 ··························································· 52 3.2 机械加工领域的测量系统 ························ 52 3.2.1 英制（英寸）测量系统 ·················· 52 3.2.2 米制或 SI测量系统 ··························· 52 3.3 机械加工中的数学概念与运算 ················ 52 3.3.1 分数运算 ············································ 52 3.3.2 分数的比较 ········································ 53 3.3.3 分数小数转换 ···································· 55 3.3.4 基础代数 ············································ 55 3.3.5 比例和比例式 ···································· 57 3.3.6 英制与米制的换算 ···························· 57 3.3.7 基础几何 ············································ 58 3.3.8 角度···················································· 59 3.3.9 笛卡儿坐标系 ···································· 63 3.3.10 基本三角学 ······································ 63 第 4章 半精密测量 ································ 68 4.1 概述 ··························································· 69 4.2 半精密测量的概念 ··································· 69 4.3 金属直尺 ··················································· 69 4.3.1 英制尺的读数方法 ···························· 72 4.3.2 米制尺的读数方法 ···························· 72 4.4 游标卡尺 ··················································· 73 4.5 可调直角尺 ··············································· 74 4.6 组合角度尺 ··············································· 75 4.7 角度测量 ··················································· 76 4.7.1 量角器 ················································ 76 4.7.2 斜角规 ················································ 77 4.7.3 模具制造直角规 ································ 78 4.8 固定量规 ··················································· 78 4.8.1 半径量规和圆角量规 ························ 78 4.8.2 角度量规 ············································ 78 4.8.3 螺纹量规 ············································ 79 第 5章 精密测量···································· 80 5.1 概述 ··························································· 81 5.2 精密测量的概念 ······································· 81 5.3 精密量具的保养 ······································· 81 5.4 平尺 ··························································· 81 5.5 精密固定量规 ··········································· 82 5.5.1 塞尺···················································· 82 5.5.2 塞规···················································· 82 5.5.3 环规···················································· 84 5.5.4 卡规···················································· 86 5.6 平板 ··························································· 86 5.7 直角尺 ······················································· 87 5.8 量块 ··························································· 89 5.9 游标测量工具 ··········································· 91 5.9.1 游标卡尺 ············································ 91 5.9.2 游标高度卡尺 ···································· 91 5.9.3 游标深度卡尺 ···································· 92 5.9.4 游标齿厚卡尺 ···································· 92 5.9.5 游标量角器 ········································ 92 5.9.6 游标卡尺的读数方法 ························ 92 5.10 千分尺 ····················································· 96 5.10.1 外径千分尺 ······································ 96 5.10.2 外径千分尺的读数方法 ·················· 99 5.10.3 外径千分尺的校准 ························ 102 5.10.4 内径千分尺 ···································· 103 5.10.5 深度千分尺 ···································· 104 5.11 带表和数显测量工具 ···························· 105 5.11.1 带表卡尺和数显卡尺····················· 105 5.11.2 带表高度卡尺和数显高度卡尺 ····· 107 5.11.3 带表深度卡尺和数显深度卡尺 ····· 108 5.11.4 带表内径千分尺和数显内径 千分尺 ············································ 108 5.12 精密传输或辅助测量工具 ···················· 109 5.12.1 小孔量规 ········································ 109 5.12.2 伸缩量规 ·········································110 5.12.3 可调平垫铁 ·····································111 5.13 千分表和数显表 ····································111 5.13.1 压杆式千分表的应用 ·····················113 5.13.2 杠杆式千分表的应用 ·····················114 5.14 正弦尺 ····················································115 5.14.1 窄面式正弦尺和宽面式正 弦尺 ·················································116 5.14.2 正弦台 ·············································116 5.14.3 正弦虎钳 ·········································117 5.15 表面粗糙度检测 ····································117 5.15.1 表面粗糙度样板 ·····························119 5.15.2 表面粗糙度仪 ·································119 5.16 光学比较仪 ············································119 5.17 工具显微镜 ············································119 5.18 坐标测量仪 ··········································· 120 第 6章 质量保证、工艺规程制订和 质量控制·································· 121 6.1 概述 ························································· 122 6.2 质量保证 ················································· 122 6.3 工艺规程制订 ········································· 122 6.3.1 材料选择 ·········································· 122 6.3.2 机床选择与工件装夹 ······················ 122 6.3.3 工艺装备选择 ·································· 124 6.3.4 进给速度和进给量计算 ·················· 124 6.3.5 其他信息 ·········································· 124 6.4 质量控制 ················································· 124 6.4.1 抽样计划 ·········································· 124 6.4.2 检测计划 ·········································· 124 6.4.3 统计过程控制（SPC） ····················· 125 第 7章 金属的组成与分类··················· 130 7.1 概述 ························································· 131 7.2 黑色金属 ················································· 131 7.2.1 纯铁·················································· 131 7.2.2 普通碳钢 ·········································· 132 7.2.3 合金钢 ·············································· 132 7.2.4 工具钢 ·············································· 133 7.2.5 铸铁·················································· 133 7.2.6 不锈钢 ·············································· 137 7.3 有色金属 ················································· 139 7.3.1 铝合金 ·············································· 139 7.3.2 镁合金 ·············································· 140 7.3.3 铜合金 ·············································· 140 7.3.4 钛合金 ·············································· 142 7.3.5 高温合金 ·········································· 143 第 8章 金属材料的热处理··················· 145 8.1 概述 ························································· 146 8.2 淬火 ························································· 146 8.2.1 直接淬火 ·········································· 146 8.2.2 表面淬火 ·········································· 146 8.3 回火 ························································· 149 8.4 退火 ························································· 149 8.5 正火 ························································· 149 8.6 铝合金的热处理 ····································· 149 8.7 热处理炉 ················································· 149 8.7.1 箱式炉 ·············································· 149 8.7.2 生产专用炉 ······································ 149 8.7.3 常压炉 ·············································· 151 8.7.4 热处理炉控制 ·································· 151 8.8 热处理安全规程 ····································· 151 8.9 硬度标尺及其试验 ································· 152 8.9.1 洛氏硬度标尺 ·································· 152 8.9.2 布氏硬度标尺 ·································· 156 第 9章 维护、润滑和切削液概述 ······· 158 9.1 维护 ························································· 159 9.1.1 润滑·················································· 159 9.1.2 活动件和磨损面 ······························ 161 9.2 切削液 ····················································· 161 9.2.1 油基切削液 ······································ 162 9.2.2 化学切削液（水基切削液） ············· 163 9.2.3 切削液混合比例的测量 ·················· 164 9.2.4 折光仪 ·············································· 164 9.2.5 冷风枪 ·············································· 164 9.2.6 固态及半固态切削物 ······················ 164 9.2.7 切削液的使用方法 ·························· 165 第 10章 工程制图································ 167 10.1 工程制图的重要性 ······························· 168 10.2 工程制图的组成 ··································· 168 10.2.1 标题栏 ············································ 168 10.2.2 正投影 ············································ 168 10.2.3 线型 ················································ 171 10.3 基本符号及其标记方法 ························ 176 10.4 公差 ······················································· 178 10.4.1 双向公差 ········································ 178 10.4.2 单向公差 ········································ 178 10.4.3 极限偏差 ········································ 178 10.4.4 MMC和 LMC ································ 178 10.4.5 公差注法 ········································ 179 10.5 公差配合 ··············································· 181 10.5.1 余量 ················································ 181 10.5.2 配合公差 ········································ 181 10.6 几何尺寸和公差（GD&T） ·················· 184 10.6.1 基准 ················································ 184 10.6.2 公差框格 ········································ 184 10.6.3 几何公差的含义 ···························· 185
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