中国古建筑及其故事_张慈贇，陈洁著_9787532774135_浙江大涵文化创意股份有限公司

在中国5000多年的历史长河中，劳动人民创造出独特的建筑结构、建筑技巧及建筑哲学，与西方建筑形成鲜明的对比。中国建筑之美无与伦比，而其精髓往往透过砖瓦，隐藏在历史故事之中。《中国古建筑及其故事》以英语为写作语言，介绍了近50处中国历史建筑，其中包括“秦皇陵”、“岳阳楼”、“山西民居”等，为读者开启了通往中国古代王朝的历史之门。

Ancient Chinese architecture is a beautiful gem as well as an integral part of Chinese culture. It is also one of the three greatest architectural systems in the world, the other two being European and Arabic architecture.

As Liang Sicheng (1901-1972), a renowned Chinese architect and “father of modern Chinese architecture,” once pointed out that the architecture of China is as old as Chinese civilization. Some archaeological discoveries indicate that Chinese people began to develop a unique construction style as early as more than 7,000 years ago.

During the following centuries, Chinese artisans, builders and architects had invented a great number of ingenious tools, construction parts, structures as well as architectural designs, techniques and styles. They had also married the art and science of designing and erecting buildings with Chinese philosophy, religion, local customs and the traditional system of social hierarchy.

As time went by, many beautiful and grandiose buildings, such as palaces, temples, mausoleums, bridges and distinctive dwellings were built all around the country and some of them, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and the First Emperor’s Mausoleum featuring life-sized terracotta warriors are still in existence today.

Of course, there are so much more.

Traveling around China today, you may cross a bridge that was built several hundred years ago; or you may stay for a night in a courtyard or a cave-house that have been the traditional dwellings for the local people for centuries.

It is a feast for your eyes to visit famous temples, palaces and old gardens featuring exquisite designs and decorations in different part of the country. However, what’s more interesting or even enlightening are the historical stories behind the walls of these buildings.

In this book, the authors will tell you many of such stories and will guide you as you knock on the gate of this ancient kingdom.

张慈贇，国内资深英文媒体人，高级编辑，享受国务院政府特殊津贴。自1980年起，参与《中国日报》创办，曾任中国日报社常务副总编辑。主持《北京周末报》、《上海英文星报》的创办，均为首任总编辑。1996-2011年任上海市人民政府新闻办公室副主任，1999年创办《上海日报》社，任总编辑至2013年。现为中国翻译协会常务理事、上海翻译家协会副会长、《东方翻译》主编、上海外国语大学新闻传媒学院客座教授等。

主要译作：《聊斋志异》（外文出版社，1995，合译）；《香港特别行政区基本法（草案）》（1988，合译）；《翻译服务规范》（起草委员会成员/组长/英文定稿，中国标准化出版社，2004-2006）；《中美关系史（1945－1949）》（资中筠著，美国哥大出版社，1991）；《法国大革命的历史启示》（张芝联著，北京大学出版社，1989）；《中国弹拨乐演奏》（马楠著，人民音乐出版社，1989）；《中国教育法》（中译英，高教出版社，1986）；《一个女记者的传奇》（英译中，新华出版社，1986，合译）等

Born in Shanghai in 1949, ZHANG Ciyun (Peter) graduated from Jilin Normal University, PRC with a major in English and later from Stanford University in the United States with a Master’s Degree in Journalism. Since 1980, he has worked for several newspapers and magazines in both Beijing and Shanghai. Also, he once served in the General Office of the Ministry of Communications as an interpreter and the Information Office of Shanghai Municipality as its Deputy General Director.

An acclaimed translator, reporter and editor, Mr. Zhang has helped bring into existence four English-language newspapers on the Chinese mainland, namely, China Daily, Beijing Weekend, Shanghai Star and Shanghai Daily. He is now the Editor-in-Chief Emeritus of Shanghai Daily and an executive council member of Translation Association of China. He has translated and co-translated more than a dozen books and a large amount of documents, including Strange Stories of Liao Zhai Studio and the English version of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. He has also published many English and Chinese articles and theses in newspapers and magazines both in China and overseas.

　　长城 (chang cheng)

　　The Great Wall

　　One of the Eight Wonders of the World

　　The Great Wall is believed by many to be one of the greatest architectural masterpieces of mankind - as such, it is often called one of the Eight Wonders of the World.

　　People often credit Qin Shi Huang (259-210 BC), the First Emperor of a unified China, as the builder of the Great Wall. But con- struction of the wall actually started during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) and the Warring States Period (476-221 BC), long before Qin Shi Huang's time, and it was rebuilt for several times in later dynasties.

　　However, the First Emperor did order additional construction and connection of various sections of defensive walls to form the Great Wall in northern China to fend off nomadic invaders. Unfortunately, most of the ancient walls built during the Qin time have disappeared and the existing wall we see today was mostly constructed during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).

　　Built with bricks, rammed earth, stone and wood, the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty stretches more than 8,850 kilometers from Hushan in northeast China's Liaoning Province to Jiayuguan in northwest China's Gansu Province. Most Chinese people call it Wanli Changcheng, meaning literally "Ten Thousand Li Long Wall." Li is a traditional Chinese measure of distance, equaling 500 meters or half a kilometer.

　　The average height of the wall stands at 7.8 meters, but in some sections, it reaches 14 meters. Since most segments of the wall were built along mountains, the height of the wall rises in relatively level places and drops on steep ridges.

　　To ensure that two heavy, horse-drawn carts could rumble along side-by-side along the top of the wall, most portions of the Great Wall are quite wide, measuring an average of 6.5 meters at the bottom and 5.8 meters across the top of the wall.

　　While planning the route of the wall, the builders made the best use of advantageous topographic features, such as high mountains, steep cliffs and sharp river bends, to amplify the wall's function of defense and also to save labor and resources.

　　In earlier days, the walls were mainly built by filling wooden frames with earth and small stones. After the earth and stones were tamped solid, the wooden frames were removed.

　　During the Ming Dynasty, mass production of bricks and tiles became popular. As a result, the Ming Great Wall was mostly built with bricks of different sizes and shapes, depending on whether they were used for the wall body, stairs, battlements or gates.

　　The bricks made the wall stronger and last longer both in battles and in the fight against the elements.

　　……

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