工程学是关于解决问题的知识和实践。几千年来，工程学作为一门专业和一门学科，随着人类的发展而不断演变。工程学运用科学知识、技术方法、设计和管理原则，帮助我们解决日常问题和生产需求。
当今世界面临的首要问题是维持人类发展和保护地球，在这种情况下，工程扮演着核心角色。本书为建设和平与繁荣的未来以及为所有人创造一个健康的地球描绘了一幅雄心勃勃的蓝图。
实现可持续发展目标涉及减缓和适应气候变化，建设有复原力的基础设施，确保粮食供应和营养，提供清洁和负担得起的能源和水，保护和恢复陆地和水下生物多样性等等。联合国教科文组织发布的这本报告再次强调了工程的重要性，旨在应对新挑战和新期望。
这份报告汇集了工程师们的意见呼吁制定和实施解决方案，以解决影响我们生活各个方面的可持续发展问题，从而将工程定位为实现更可持续的世界的关键。
Table of Contents
Foreword
Director-General of UNESCO 4
Foreword
Chinese Academy of Engineering
and Tsinghua University 7
Acknowledgements 9
Introduction 10
1. ENGINEERING A MORE
SUSTAINABLE WORLD 16
2. EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
FOR ALL 40
2.1 Diversity and inclusion in engineering 43
2.2 Women in engineering 47
2.3 Young engineers and their role 51
3. ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS
AND THE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS 56
3.1 Engineering innovations to combat COVID-19
and improve human health 59
3.2 Water engineering for sustainable
development 67
3.2.1. Clean water and human health 69
3.2.2. Hydrology for the SDGs 74
3.3 Climate change – a climate emergency 79
3.4 Engineering: a crucial tool for disaster
risk reduction 85
3.5 Developing sustainable and resilient
energy systems 90
3.6 Mining engineering for the future 95
3.7 Engineering and big data 100
3.8 Engineering and Artificial Intelligence 106
3.9 Engineering for smart cities 111
4. ENGINEERING EDUCATION
AND CAPACITY-BUILDING FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 118
4.1 Engineering education for the future 121
4.2 Lifelong learning in engineering:
an imperative to achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals 129
4.3 Engineers’ continuing professional
development 136
5. REGIONAL TRENDS
IN ENGINEERING 142
5.1 Major interregional trends 144
5.2 Europe and North America 151
5.3 Asia and the Pacific 159
5.4 Latin America and the Caribbean 166
5.5 Africa 172
5.6 Arab States 180
Acronyms 185
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